While primary sources state the law, secondary sources help explain and analyse it.

3. Steps in Legal Research

1. Identify the legal issue(s)

   • Break the problem into specific legal questions

2. Locate relevant legislation and case law

   • Use legal databases or government websites

   • Search by keywords, topics, or citation references

3. Read and interpret the material

   • Understand how the law applies in context

   • Look for definitions, exceptions, and examples

4. Apply the law to the facts

   • Match legal principles to real or hypothetical situations

   • Identify uncertainties or conflicting interpretations

5. Update your findings

   • Laws and precedents can change—check for the most current versions

4. Reading and Understanding Statutes

Statutes (Acts of Parliament) are a major source of law. Reading statutes effectively requires attention to their structure and language.

Structure of Statutes

Statutes typically include:

• Title and commencement section

• Definitions and interpretation clauses

• Substantive provisions (rules, rights, obligations)

• Schedules with additional detail

• Amendment or repeal sections

Reading Tips

• Start with the definitions section—key terms may have special meanings

• Read in context—understand how one section fits into the whole Act

• Look for mandatory vs. discretionary language:

  • “Must” = mandatory

  • “May” = discretionary

• Watch for exceptions and conditions (e.g., “unless”, “provided that”)

5. Interpreting Statutes – Key Principles

Courts use specific techniques when interpreting legislation, especially when wording is unclear or ambiguous: